Predictors of sexual behaviours among adolescents attending co-educational public secondary school in Uyo Local Government Area, AkwaIbom State. Nigeria.

Authors

  • Edelungudi Innocent Edagha Department of Family Medicine, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital Uyo. AkwaIbom State. Author
  • Sunday Bassey Udoh Department of Family Medicine, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital Uyo. AkwaIbom State. Author
  • Victory Edet Iyanam Department of Family Medicine, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital Uyo. AkwaIbom State. Author
  • Daniel Ogbonna Okeke Department of Family Medicine, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital Uyo. AkwaIbom State. Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.68050/JAMS.2026.575

Keywords:

sexual behaviour; adolescents; secondary school students; Uyo

Abstract

Adolescent sexual activity is still a prevailing problem globally including Nigeria and it is only when the cause of the issue is first thoroughly understood , will there be a formulation of implementable effective interventions to address it. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of sexual behaviour among adolescents attending co-educational public secondary schools in Uyo Local Government Area (LGA), AkwaIbom State, Nigeria.  This research employed a cross sectional study design. A total of 414 eligible respondents were recruited using a multi-stage random sampling technique. A pretested interviewer administered semi - structured questionnaire was utilized to collect data on their sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behaviour, which were analysed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25. The mean age of the respondents was 15.9 +/- 1.4 years.  Among the 414 respondents, 37.3% were males while 62.6% were females, and 36.5% have had sexual intercourse. Predictors of sexual behaviour found to be independently significant after controlling for confounders using multivariable logistic regression were: being in an intimate relationship, poor parental monitoring, substance use, family dysfunction, sexual abuse, poor parental monitoring, having no information on sexuality, media and peer influence. The study's findings revealed that a lot of adolescents attending public secondary schools in Uyo LGA are sexually active. This shows that there is an urgent need for an adolescent friendly clinic in health facilities at all levels of health care service delivery and a curriculum based sex education need to be established in schools.

21 13

References

1. Morris, J., & Rushwan, H. (2015). Adolescent sexual and reproductive health: The global challenges. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 131(1), 40–42.

2. World Health Organization. (2022). Adolescent health. [https://www.who.int/health-topics/adolescent-health#tab=tab_1](https://www.who.int/health-topics/adolescent-health#tab=tab_1)

3. Kar, K., Choudhury, A., & Singh, P. (2015). Understanding normal development of adolescent sexuality: A bumpy ride. Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences, 8(2), 70–74.

4. UNICEF. (2022). Adolescents statistics—UNICEF Data 2022. [https://data.unicef.org/topic/adolescents/overview/](https://data.unicef.org/topic/adolescents/overview/)

5. Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria. (2019). National policy on the health and development of adolescent and young people in Nigeria: 2020–2024 (pp. 7–22).

6. Kliegman, R. M., St. Geme, J. W., Blum, N. J., Shah, S. S., Tasker, R. C., & Wilson, K. M. (2020). Adolescence medicine. In W. O. Bockting (Ed.), Nelson textbook of pediatrics (p. 1021). Elsevier Publications.

7. Brown, J. L. (2013). Sexual behaviour. In M. D. Gellman & J. R. Turner (Eds.), Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine (pp. 1005–1009). Springer.

8. Janni, L., Camen, L., Habte, B., Caitlin, M. T., Shaun, F., & Gary, C. K. (2024). Regional and country prevalence estimates of unsafe sex among adolescents in 68 low-income and middle-income countries. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 53(1), 2337–2346.

9. Oben, A. C., Nwakanma, E., & Ogbozor, V. C. (2022). Adolescents’ sexual behaviour and prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Okrika Local Government Area, Rivers State. Nigerian Journal of Social Psychology, 5(2), 119–132.

10. Eyam, L. E., Eyam, S. E., Ekpenyong, B. N., Ndep, A. O., Akpan, M. I., & Ekanem, E. E. (2021). Determinants of risky sexual behaviour among secondary school adolescents in Cross River State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 30(6), 658–664.

11. Mmari, K., Kalamar, A. M., Brahmbhatt, H., & Venables, E. (2016). The influence of the family on adolescent sexual experience: A comparison between Baltimore and Johannesburg. PLOS ONE, 11(11), 1–8.

12. Oluyemi, J. A., Yinwa, M. A., Abdullateef, R., Kehinde, K., & Adejoke, J. (2017). Parental influence on adolescent sexual behaviour among secondary school students in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. African Journal of Social Work, 7(1), 37–43.

13. Dai, L., & Wang, L. (2015). Review of family functioning. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 3(1), 134–141.

14. Olorunsola, A. M., Muyibi, S. A., Irabor, A. E., Adetunji, A. A., Isamil, W. O., & Ogunniyan, T. (2021). Pattern and predictors of sexual behaviour among adolescents in Ibadan, South-West, Nigeria. Archives of Community Medicine and Public Health, 7(2), 175–181.

15. Abiodun, O., Sodeinde, K., Jagun, O., Ladele, A., Adepoju, A., & Ohiaogu, F. (2021). Influence of perception of family support and functioning on adolescent high-risk sexual behaviour. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 104(3), 1153–1163.

16. Somefun, O. D., & Odimegwu, C. (2018). The protective role of family structure for adolescent development in sub-Saharan Africa. PLOS ONE, 13(10), 1–15.

17. Pelham, W. E., Racz, S. J., Davis, I. S., Aks, I. R., Patel, H., & McMahon, R. J. (2024). What is parental monitoring? Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 27(2), 576–601.

18. Wang, W., Yin, R., Cao, W., Wang, Y., Zhang, T., & Yan, Y. (2022). Assessing parental marital quality and divorce related to youth sexual experiences and adverse reproductive health outcomes among 50,000 Chinese college students. Reproductive Health, 19(1), 1–8.

19. Nnebue, C. C., Chimah, U. C., Duru, C. B., Ilika, A. L., & Lawoyin, T. O. (2016). Determinants of age at sexual initiation among Nigerian adolescents: A study of secondary school students in a military barracks in Nigeria. American Journal of Medical Sciences and Medicine, 4(1), 1–7.

20. Adimora, D. E., & Onwu, A. O. (2019). Sociodemographic factors of early sexual debut and depression among adolescents. African Health Sciences, 19(3), 2634–2644.

21. Dhull, P., & Beniwal, R. D. (2017). Dealing with peer pressure. International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 256–263.

22. Peci, B. (2017). Peer influence and adolescent sexual behaviour trajectories: Links to sexual initiation. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(3), 96–105.

23. Durowade, K. A., Babatunde, O. A., Omokanye, L. O., Ekegbede, O. E., Ayodele, L. M., & Adewoye, K. R. (2017). Early sexual debut: Prevalence and risk factors among secondary school students in Ido-Ekiti State, South-West Nigeria. African Health Sciences, 17(3), 614–622.

24. Moon, S. H., Kim, H., & Kim, M. (2020). Predictors of sexual intercourse experience among runaway at-risk female adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1), 1–11.

25. Cho, H. S., & Yang, Y. (2023). Relationship between alcohol consumption and risky sexual behaviour among adolescents and young adults: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Public Health, 68(1), 1–21.

26. Landry, M., Vyas, A., Turner, M., Glick, S., & Wood, S. (2015). Evaluation of social media utilisation by Latino adolescents: Implications for mobile health interventions. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 29(3), 1–13.

27. Attwood, F., Smith, C., & Barker, M. (2018). I’m just curious and still exploring myself: Young people and pornography. New Media & Society, 20(10), 1–22.

28. Oladeji, D., & Ayangunna, J. A. (2017). Media influence as predictors of adolescent sexual risky behaviour in Nigeria. MOJ Women's Health, 5(1), 192–196.

29. Okunola, E. I., & John-Akinola, Y. O. (2022). Determinants of sexual behaviour among out-of-school adolescents in an urban setting in Ibadan, Nigeria. African Journal of Biomedical Research, 25(1), 303–308.

30. Chihurumnanya, A., Lawrence, U. O., Benedict, N. A., Uche, D., & Nneka, O. A. (2016). Premarital sex, safer sex and factors influencing premarital sex practices among senior secondary school students in Ebonyi Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health Care, 3(1), 1–5.

31. American Psychiatric Association. (2016). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Psychiatric News, 51(9), 1–5.

32. Savioja, H., Helminen, M., Ftojd, S., Mauri, M., & Kaltiala-Heino, R. (2015). Sexual experience and self-reported depression across the adolescent years. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 3(1), 337–347.

33. Odii, A., Atama, C. S., Igwe, I., Idemili-Aronu, N. J., & Onyeneho, N. G. (2020). Risky sexual behaviours among adolescent undergraduate students in Nigeria: Does social context of early adolescence matter? Pan African Medical Journal, 37(188), 1–11.

34. Osadulor, U. E., Amoo, E. O., Azuh, D. E., Ikono, M., Washington, C. P., & Ugbenu, O. (2022). Exposure to sex education and its effect on adolescent sexual behaviour in Nigeria. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 1(1), 1–8.

35. Udoh, S. B., Iyanam, V. E., Uche, N. N., & Udonwa, N. E. (2019). Teenage pregnancy: Family and social characteristics and risk factors in Etinan, sub-urban area of South-South Nigeria. International Journal of Medical Sciences, 6(1), 7–14.

36. American Psychological Association. (2020). Sexual abuse. [https://www.apa.org/topics/sexual-abuse](https://www.apa.org/topics/sexual-abuse)

37. Baiden, P., Panisch, L. S., Kim, Y. J., Labrenz, C. A., Kim, Y., & Onyeaka, H. K. (2021). Association between first sexual intercourse and sexual violence, victimization, symptoms of depression, and suicidal behaviour among adolescents in the United States: Findings from 2017 and 2019 National Youth Risk Behaviour Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 1–22.

38. Gabriel-Job, N., Asuquo, E. O., & Alabere, D. I. (2018). Determinants of the age at sexual debut among adolescents in secondary schools in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Port Harcourt Medical Journal, 12(2), 1–8.

39. Udoh, S. B., & Iyanam, V. E. (2018). Review and epidemiological description of rape cases among female adolescents seen at secondary health care facility in Abak, South-South Nigeria. Ibom Medical Journal, 11(2), 15–25.

40. Wondimagegne, Y. A., & Anbese, A. T. (2024). Risky sexual behaviours and associated factors among adolescent in Gedeo Zone, South Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1–8.

41. Tende, F. (2020). Socio-economic determinants of risky sexual behaviour in sub-Saharan Africa (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University). ScholarWorks.

42. Eze, I. I., Mbachu, C. O., Ndubuisi, M. N., Agu, I. C., Ezumah, N., & Onwujekwe, O. (2022). Prevalence and socio-demographic determinants of risky sexual behaviour among unmarried adolescents in Southeast Nigeria. International Journal of Medicine and Health Development, 27(1), 176–184.

43. Nnebue, C. C., Chimah, U. C., Lawoyin, T. O., Ilika, A. L., & Duru, C. B. (2015). Sociodemographic determinants of sexual risk behaviour among senior secondary school students in a military barracks in Nigeria. American Journal of Public Health Research, 3(4), 148–156.

44. Odimegwu, C., & Somefun, O. D. (2017). Ethnicity, gender and risky sexual behaviour among Nigeria youth: An alternative explanation. Reproductive Health, 14(16), 1–15.

45. Bongwong, B., & Monju, P. M. (2019). Peer pressure as a determinant for young people’s sexual behaviour in the University of Buea. Merit Research Journal of Education and Review, 7(6), 1–8.

46. Alawode, A. O., Ogunwemimo, H., Bolorunduro, M. E., & Awoleye, A. F. (2021). Age of sexual debut and multiple sexual partnerships among adolescents in Nigeria: An assessment of the mediating role of the knowledge of sexually transmitted infections. MDPI, 1(4), 421–432.

47. Udoh, S. B., & Idung, A. U. (2015). Sexual practices, knowledge and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases among upper grade secondary school adolescent students in Uyo, Nigeria. Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 24(4), 9–15.

48. Akpobome, E., Moore, B. M., & Anyiam, F. E. (2018). A comparative study of selected risky behaviours among adolescents of private and public secondary schools in Ughelli, Delta State, Nigeria. Asian Journal of Medicine and Health, 13(1), 1–12.

49. Adejimi, A. A., Omokhodion, F. O., & Olalorun, F. M. (2020). Sexual behaviour and knowledge of prevention of sexually transmitted infections among students in coeducational and noncoeducational secondary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 9(7), 3288–3298.

50. Gregory, F., Joboy-Okei, E., & Peterside, O. (2024). The prevalence and pattern of risky sexual behaviour among secondary school adolescents in Yenagoa Local Government Area, Nigeria. International Journal of Tropical Disease, 45(11), 79–93.

51. Abah, M. G., Bassey, E. E., Edu, E. B., & Ovie, O. D. (2020). Unsafe abortion among secondary school girls in a local authority in South-South Nigeria. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 9(9), 3547–3556.

52. Araoye, M. (2004). Subject selection. In M. Araoye (Ed.), Research methodology with statistics for health and social sciences (pp. 115–129). Nathadex Publishers.

53. Ibadin, M. O., & Akpede, G. O. (2021). A revised scoring scheme for the classification of socioeconomic status in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics, 48(1), 26–33.

54. Simpson, J., Palmer, H. E., & Hornby, A. S. (2017). Oxford English learners dictionary. Oxford University Press.

55. Cleland, J. (2001). WHO illustrative questionnaire for interview surveys with young people. In Asking young people about sexual and reproductive behaviour: Illustrative core instruments (Part 2, pp. 18–56). World Health Organization.

56. Smilkstein, G., Ashworth, C., & Montano, D. (1982). Validity and reliability of the Family APGAR as a test of family function. The Journal of Family Practice, 15(2), 303–311.

57. Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2003). The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: Validity of a two-item depression screener. Medical Care, 41(11), 1284–1292.

58. Pitt, B. H., Sheeder, J., Sigel, E., Love-Osborne, K., & Woods, J. (2023). Informing use of the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 to detect moderate or greater depression symptoms in adolescents and young adults in outpatient primary care. Journal of Adolescent Health, 73(2), 331–337.

59. World Health Organization. (2021). Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS): Core expanded questionnaire modules 2021. [https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/en/](https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/en/)

60. Pengpid, S., & Peltzer, K. (2021). Sexual risk behaviour and its correlates among adolescents in Mozambique: Results from a national school survey in 2015. Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, 18(1), 26–32.

61. Badaki, O. L., & Adeola, M. F. (2017). Influence of peer pressure as a determinant of premarital sexual behaviour among senior secondary school students in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Healthcare, 3(2), 151–159.

62. Akumiah, P. O., Suglo, J. N., & Sebire, S. Y. (2020). Early life exposures and risky sexual behaviours among adolescents: A cross-sectional study in Ghana. Nigerian Medical Journal, 61(1), 189–195.

63. Lanre-Babalola, F. O. (2018). Media use and sexual behaviour: A study of adolescents in selected secondary schools in Ede, Osun State. Arts and Social Sciences Journal, 9(1), 1–5.

64. Osunmakinwa, O. O., Osunmakinwa, O. O., Olugbenga-Bello, A. I., Ibirongbe, D. O., & Adebimpe, W. O. (2022). Knowledge, age at sexual debut and sexual behaviour of secondary school adolescents in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Western Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences, 3(3), 1–15.

65. Olaoye, T., & Agbede, C. (2019). Prevalence and personal predictors of risky sexual behaviour among in-school adolescents in the Ikenne Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 34(3). [https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2019-0135](https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2019-0135)

66. Johnson, O. E., & Bassey, B. A. (2019). Sexual practices among senior secondary students in private secondary schools in Uyo, Southern Nigeria. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 23(4), 46–53.

67. Statista. (2018). Nigeria: Enrolment rate in middle school, by zone and gender. [www.statista.com/nigeria-by-zone-and-gender/](http://www.statista.com/nigeria-by-zone-and-gender/)

68. Paul, D., & Jeckoniah, J. N. (2015). Access to social media and sexual behaviour among secondary school students: A case of selected secondary schools in Morogoro, Tanzania. International Journal of Education and Research, 3(1), 377–390.

69. Odeigah, L., Rasaki, S. O., Ajibola, A. F., Hafsat, A. A., Sule, A. G., & Musah, Y. (2019). High-risk sexual behaviour among adolescent senior secondary school students in Nigeria. African Health Sciences, 19(1), 1467–1477.

70. Kanmodi, K. K., Fagbule, O. F., Ogunniyi, K., Ogbeide, M. E., Samuel, V., & Aliemeke, E. (2020). Determinants of sexual practices among secondary school students in Nigeria: Focusing on sociocultural and school-related factors. Rwanda Medical Journal, 77(4), 32–37.

71. Shayo, K. F., & Kalomo, H. M. (2019). Prevalence and correlates of sexual intercourse among sexually active in-school adolescents: An analysis of five sub-Saharan Africa countries for the adolescents’ sexual health policy implication. BMC Public Health, 19(1285), 1–8.

72. Scott, R. H., Wellings, K., & Lindberg, L. (2020). Adolescent sexual activity, contraceptive use, and pregnancy in Britain and the United States of America: A multidecade comparison. Journal of Adolescent Health, 66(5), 582–588.

73. Envuladu, E. A., Massar, K., & De Wit, J. B. F. (2021). Diversities of sexual activities and correlates of safe sex practices among adolescents in Plateau State, Nigeria. Frontiers in Reproductive Health, 3, Article 744622, 1–8.

74. Moreira, I., Fernandes, M., Silva, A., Verissimo, C., Leitao, M., & Fillipe, L. (2021). Intimate relationships as perceived by adolescents: Concepts and meanings. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), Article 2256. [https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052256](https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052256)

75. Bizuwork, G. M., Hailu, A., Taderegew, M. M., Bizuwork, Y. G., Alebie, A., & Zegeye, B. (2022). Assessment of risky sexual behaviours and associated factors among adolescents in Shewa Robit town, Northeast Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Pan African Medical Journal, 41(264), 1–13.

76. Ahmed, A., Asadullah, A., & Deleer, B. (2023). Effect of parenting styles on sexual behaviours among teenagers. International Journal of Psychology and Cognitive Education, 2(2), 53–66.

77. Nwagu, E. N. (2016). Alcohol and drug usage and adolescents’ sexual behaviour in Nigeria. Health Promotion International, 31(2), 405–413.

78. Amoo, E., Adekeye, O. A., Omumu, F., & Akinpelu, O. O. (2020). Drug use and high-risk sexual behaviour among school-going adolescents in Nigeria. Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 8(2), 1–7.

79. Awawu, G. N., Suraya, M., & Nafisat, O. U. (2020). Barriers to adolescents’ access and utilization of reproductive health services in a community in Northwestern Nigeria: A qualitative exploratory study in primary care. African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine, 12(1), 1–10.

80. Envuladu, E. A., Kwaak, V. A., Zwanikken, P., & Zoakah, I. A. (2017). Exploring factors influencing adolescent sexual behaviour in Plateau State, Nigeria. American Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(1), 1–6.

81. Arruda, E. P., Brito, L. G., Prandini, T. R., Lerri, M. R., Reis, R. M., & Barcelos, T. M. (2020). Sexual practices during adolescence. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, 42(11), 731–738.

Downloads

Published

2026-09-25

How to Cite

Predictors of sexual behaviours among adolescents attending co-educational public secondary school in Uyo Local Government Area, AkwaIbom State. Nigeria. (2026). Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Studies (JAMS), Page 697-717. https://doi.org/10.68050/JAMS.2026.575

Similar Articles

1-10 of 118

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.