Impact of Health Education Intervention on Knowledge of Home Management of Diabetes Mellitus among Booked Diabetics in Selected Hospitals in Edo State, Nigeria
Keywords:
: Diabetes mellitus, health education, home-management, knowledge, intervention, booked diabetics.Abstract
This study examined the impact of health education intervention on knowledge of home management of diabetes mellitus among booked diabetics in selected hospitals in Edo State, Nigeria. A quasi-experimental design involving experimental and control groups was adopted. A sample of 60 booked diabetic patients (30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group) was selected using purposive sampling technique from two purposively selected hospitals in Edo State. A structured 50-item questionnaire was used for data collection. The instrument was validated by three experts and yielded a test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.78. The experimental group received a structured health education intervention delivered over four weekly sessions of 60 minutes each, covering topics such as diabetes pathophysiology, medication adherence, dietary management, blood glucose monitoring, physical activity, and recognition of complications. The control group received no intervention during the study period. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while independent t-test and paired t-test, were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the magnitude of observed differences. The findings showed no significant difference between the pre-test knowledge scores of the experimental and control groups, indicating baseline equivalence. However, a significant difference existed between the pre-test and post-test knowledge scores of the experimental group, with higher knowledge after the intervention. A significant difference was also found between the post-test knowledge scores of the experimental and control groups, with the experimental group recording higher knowledge. The study concluded that health education intervention significantly improved knowledge of home management of diabetes mellitus among booked diabetics. It is recommended that healthcare providers integrate structured health education programmes into routine diabetes care. However, improved knowledge does not necessarily establish improved self-care behaviour or glycaemic control; future studies should include behavioural and clinical outcome measures.
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