Nanorobotic Platforms for Precision Drug Delivery: Engineering Strategies, Mechanistic Insights, and Pathways Toward Clinical Translation
Keywords:
Nanorobots,, Drug delivery systems, Nanomedicine, Precision medicineAbstract
Nanorobotic systems represent a rapidly evolving frontier in targeted drug delivery, offering unprecedented precision in therapeutic interventions. This review provides a comprehensive examination of nanorobotic design strategies, functional mechanisms, and their potential to revolutionize clinical practice. Pivotal engineering approaches, including biomimetic structures, stimuli-responsive actuation, and surface functionalization, are discussed in relation to enhancing drug targeting efficiency and minimizing systemic toxicity. Functional mechanisms such as autonomous navigation, controlled release, and site-specific accumulation are highlighted to demonstrate their translational relevance. Clinical applications across oncology, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders are critically analyzed, with emphasis on preclinical outcomes and early-stage trials. Finally, the review addresses translational challenges, including biocompatibility, large-scale manufacturing, regulatory hurdles, and ethical considerations. By integrating design principles with clinical perspectives, this work highlights the importance of nanorobotics in advancing precision medicine while identifying the barriers that must be overcome for successful clinical translation.
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