Steady Casson Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Over a Stretching Sheet with Magnetic Induction

Abstract

This study examines steady boundary-layer flow and heat transfer of an electrically conducting Casson fluid over a linearly stretching sheet with magnetic-induction feedback. A divergence-free magnetic-flux representation yields coupled momentum and induction equations, and a quadratic wall-temperature distribution yields a similarity energy equation. Inclination is represented through the normal component of the applied field. The seven-order boundary-value system is solved by fourth-order collocation. Analytical benchmarks, domain-extension checks and an independent thermal shooting calculation assess numerical accuracy. The reported domain extension from ????ₘₐₓ = 160 to 320 changes the reduced skin-friction coefficient by less than 2.1 × 10 − 10 and the reduced Nusselt number by less than 1.2 × 10 − 11 . Increasing the magnetic parameter M from 0.5 to 3 increases the magnitude of reduced wall shear from 1.825687 to 2.234109and decreases reduced heat transfer from 1.441909 to 1.407584. Magnetic Prandtl number affects velocity and temperature through electromagnetic feedback, while heat absorption and increasing Prandtl number enhance reduced heat transfer. The results apply to a steady, fully yielded effective-viscosity approximation with negligible dissipation and prescribed wall-normal magnetic flux.